linux压缩文件-Centos7中使用7zip压缩工具

7-Zip是一个支持7z(它实现了LZMA压缩算法，具有非常高的压缩比)、LZMA2、XZ、ZIP、Zip64、CAB、ARJ、GZIP、BZIP2、TAR、CPIO、RPM、ISO、大多数文件系统映像和DEB格式的文件归档器。RAR格式由于不是免费许可，已经被删除了。

环境

安装

默认Centos7没有安装p7zip安装包linux压缩文件，默认源里面也没有这个安装包，需要安装epel源才能安装p7zip安装包。

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install p7zip p7zip-plugins

使用方法

7z命令提供的函数字母与命令行选项类似，但使用时不使用-。这些参数字母告诉命令它需要执行的函数。

压缩文件

创建一个压缩包使用a参数

创建一个7z格式的压缩包：

[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.7z file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt 
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 4
    
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 143 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok

执行完命令，查看一下是否已经创建7z格式的压缩包

创建一个包含目录的压缩包：

[root@localhost ~]# 7z a gpg.7z .gnupg/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
2 folders, 5 files, 8280 bytes (9 KiB)
Creating archive: gpg.7z
Items to compress: 7
    
Files read from disk: 2
Archive size: 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Everything is Ok
[root@localhost ~]#

7zip还可以压缩、解压缩其他格式的压缩包。比如：创建一个.zip格式的压缩包。

[root@localhost ~]# 7z a files.zip file{1..4}.txt
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.zip
Items to compress: 4
    
Files read from disk: 4
Archive size: 542 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok

列出压缩包里面的内容

列出压缩包的内容使用l参数：

[root@localhost ~]# 7z l gpg.7z 
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Listing archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
   Date      Time    Attr         Size   Compressed  Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------  ------------------------
2020-01-04 18:24:05 D....            0            0  .gnupg
2020-01-04 18:22:36 D....            0            0  .gnupg/private-keys-v1.d
2020-01-04 18:24:48 ....A            0            0  .gnupg/S.gpg-agent
2020-01-04 18:22:36 ....A            0            0  .gnupg/pubring.gpg
2020-01-04 18:24:05 ....A            0            0  .gnupg/secring.gpg
2020-01-04 18:22:36 ....A         7680         3879  .gnupg/gpg.conf
2020-01-04 18:24:52 ....A          600               .gnupg/random_seed
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------  ------------------------
2020-01-04 18:24:52               8280         3879  5 files, 2 folders

解压文件

使用e来解压文件，解压所有文件到当前目录。（不推荐使用）

[root@localhost test]# 7z e gpg.7z 
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Extracting archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Everything is Ok
Folders: 2
Files: 5
Size:       8280
Compressed: 4157

可以看到所有文件都解压到当前目录了。

现在使用x参数解压文件看一下。

[root@localhost test]# 7z x gpg.7z 
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 4157 bytes (5 KiB)
Extracting archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2:12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Everything is Ok
Folders: 2
Files: 5
Size:       8280
Compressed: 4157

可以看到解压出来的文件linux压缩文件，按照原来文件的目录形式解压出来的。

更新压缩包

一段时间之后，需要将一些新文件添加到文件夹中，并且希望将他们添加到压缩包里面，可以不用创建一个新的压缩包，只需要更新现有的压缩包就可以。

首先将test目录压缩

[root@localhost test]# 7z a files.7z test/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
1 folder, 4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 5
    
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 158 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok

在test文件夹中创建几个文件，然后再更新压缩包：

[root@localhost test]# touch test/file{5..10}.txt
[root@localhost test]# 7z u files.7z test/
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Open archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 158
Headers Size = 158
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Scanning the drive:
1 folder, 10 files, 0 bytes
Updating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 7
    
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 186 bytes (1 KiB)
Everything is Ok

查看一下是否已经添加文件。

[root@localhost test]# 7z l files.7z 
7-Zip [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=en_US.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,1 CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80GHz (906EA),ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 186 bytes (1 KiB)
Listing archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 186
Headers Size = 186
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
   Date      Time    Attr         Size   Compressed  Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------  ------------------------
2020-03-11 14:24:54 D....            0            0  test
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A            0            0  test/file1.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A            0            0  test/file10.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A            0            0  test/file2.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A            0            0  test/file3.txt
2020-03-11 14:18:22 ....A            0            0  test/file4.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A            0            0  test/file5.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A            0            0  test/file6.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A            0            0  test/file7.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A            0            0  test/file8.txt
2020-03-11 14:24:54 ....A            0            0  test/file9.txt
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------  ------------------------
2020-03-11 14:24:54                  0            0  10 files, 1 folders

总结

7z格式的压缩比例比ZIP格式的压缩比例高30%-50%。

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