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mysql 字段替换字符串_mysql部分字段更新 锁_mysql替换字段中的部分字符

字符集是一套符号和编码的规则,不论是在oracle数据库还是在mysql数据库,都存在字符集的选择问题,而且如果在数据库创建阶段没有正确选择字符集,那么可能在后期需要更换字符集,而字符集的更换是代价比较高的操作,也存在一定的风险,所以,我们推荐在应用开始阶段,就按照需求正确的选择合适的字符集mysql替换字段中的部分字符,避免后期不必要的调整。

实战

1、安装MySQL数据库

2、乱码演示

mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                            |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                             |
| character_set_connection | utf8                             |
| character_set_database   | utf8                             |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                           |
| character_set_results    | utf8                             |
| character_set_server     | utf8                             |
| character_set_system     | utf8                             |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> insert into test.table10 values (1,'云中鹤');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select * from test.table10;
+------+-----------+
| id   | names     |
+------+-----------+
|    1 | 云中鹤    |
+------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> set names latin1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> select * from test.table10;
+------+-------+
| id   | names |
+------+-------+
|    1 | ???   |
+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                            |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1    #客户端来源数据使用的字符集                       
| character_set_connection | latin1    # 连接层字符集
| character_set_database   | utf8       #当前选中数据库的默认字符集                        
| character_set_filesystem | binary                  
| character_set_results    | latin1    #查询结果字符集   |
| character_set_server     | utf8       #默认的内部操作字符集                      |
| character_set_system     | utf8      #系统元数据(字段名等)字符集                                 
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

乱码解决办法

从上面可以看出,set names latin1;改变了三个参数.. 只要做到客户端,MySQL character-set-client,table charset三个字符集完全一致就可以保证一定不会有乱码出现。

方式:

​ 1、在mysql命令行模式下执行set names xxx;

       mysql> set names utf8;
       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

​ 2、登录mysql的时候指定默认字符集

       [root@node1 ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 --defaults-character-set=utf8  #-S 指定多实例mysql的套接字文件,
       使用--defaults-character-set 指定默认字符集。

​ 3、 修改/etc/sysconfig/i18n 文件,在my.cnf不指定默认字符集的情况下。

       vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n
       LANG='zh_CN.UTF-8'   #如果my.cnf不指定,默认使用系统字符集

​ 4、 修改my.cnf 文件,下面两个字段在任意一个字段都是可以的。

       [client]
       default-character-set=latin1

       [mysql]
       default-character-set=latin1

​ 前两种1,2是临时解决方案,后面两种3,4是永久有效的方案

查看字符集

1、查看系统当前字符集设置,修改之后登陆mysql执行。show variables lile 'character_set%';

mysql> show variables like 'character_set%';#我修改的为utf8,所以客户端的三个参数都是utf8.你可以自行设置字符集。
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                            |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                             |
| character_set_connection | utf8                             |
| character_set_database   | utf8                             |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                           |
| character_set_results    | utf8                             |
| character_set_server     | utf8                             |
| character_set_system     | utf8                             |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |

2、mysql常用字符集。执行命令show character set; 查看系统支持字符集。

mysql> show character set;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |   #常用
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                    | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese             | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese          | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew           | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                 | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean               | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian            | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese   | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek            | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European    | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese      | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 | #常用
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish          | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian          | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |#常用
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode               | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                 | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak  | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European        | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European           | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European        | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic          | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 | #常用
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic            | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode              | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic              | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic              | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode              | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset       | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian            | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese   | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese   | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)

字符集选择

​ 1、如果处理各种各样的文字,发布到不同语言国家地区mysql替换字段中的部分字符,选择Unicode。,对mysql对号utf-8。

​ 2、只需中文,数据量很大,性能要求也高,选择gbk.。

​ 3、处理移动物联网业务,选utf8mb4

​ 建议在能够完全满足应用的前提下,尽量使用小的字符集。因为更小的字符集意味着能够节省空间、减少网络传输字节数,同时由于存储空间的较小间接的提高了系统的性能。

服务器字符集设置

[mysqld]
...
character-set-server=utf8   #添加这条语句,可设置服务器端字符集。

mysql服务端重新启动后,这两个参数会改变为设定值。

| character_set_server     | utf8    
| character_set_database   | utf8

切换字符集将一种编码的数据库转换为另一种编码的数据。

alter database dbname character set xxx; #只能对以后的数据有效,对之前的数据无效。基本不使用

常用转换数据库字符集方案

mysqldump -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 --default-character-set=utf8 -d test > /data/test-`date +%F`.sql #1、导出表结构而不导出数据
vim /data/test-`date +%F`.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `table10`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `table10` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `names` char(20) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;  #2、这里的CHARSET改为你想要修改的字符集
mysqldump -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 --extended-insert --no-create-info test > /data/test-data-`date +%F`.sql  #3、导出数据内容
vim /data/test-data-`date +%F`.sql
LOCK TABLES `table10` WRITE;
set names utf8;  #4、这一行是多加的,自己指定想要转换的字符集
INSERT INTO `table10` VALUES (1,'云中鹤');
UNLOCK TABLES;
mysql> create database if not exists test;  #5、创建数据库,存储转换后的数据
Query OK, 1 row affected, 0 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 test < /data/test-`date +%F`.sql  #6、导入表结构
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock4 test < /data/test-data-2015-09-25.sql   #7、导入表数据

最后

这是在15年的时候,自己学习MySQL的笔记,今天再拿出来分享下

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