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主谓一致无疑是初中阶段的英语语法学习中的重要语法项目之一，再说从近年的中考来看主谓一致也是一个非常容易考试的知识点。
所以无论是从想要学习好英语的角度还是应对考试的角度来说，掌握主谓一致的知识都是很有必要的。
主谓一致
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则：最基本的“主谓一致”规则是：“单则单，复则复”，指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.
他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型
1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground.
这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个
整体概念，谓语用单数形式。另外，加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词也用单数形式。
例如：Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5.主语是(no)each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7.如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important.
他正在做什么看起来很重要。
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语动词用单数。
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9.当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like
等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。
10.由and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种情况：
1). and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
He and I are both students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。
2)如果and所连接的并列主语是同一个人或事物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team,nation，couple等集体名词作主语someone是单数还是复数，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12.不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,
nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，不定代词everybody，someone, anyone，nobody等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是，在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。Everyone is having fun, aren’t they?一切都准备好了，是吗?Everything is ready，isn’t it?
Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
14.不定代词all, more, some, any, none等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
vAll the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
vAll the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。
vNone of us are /is perfect. 人无完人。
vNone of the money is left. 一点钱也没剩下。
15.以-s结尾的学科名词（如maths, physics, politics等）和以-s结尾的抽象名词（如news, plastics, works等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如politics, physics, works, the United States, news, maths等词作主语时，这类词语貌似复数，意义上却是单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，通常把它们作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
《纽约时报》是流行于美国各地的报纸。The New York Times is read all over the United States.
16.有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如：Not every means is useful.并非每种方法都有效。
Not all means are useful.并非所有的方法都有效。
17.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, either…or…，
neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
Either my wife or I am going.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。
Each of us has his likes and dislikes.
Neither of the books is very interesting.
18.both, few, a few, many, several, other等它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式
19.如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。
A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.
但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.
The number of the students is over eight houndred
20.the rest of, half of, majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of以及分数词等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即就近原则。如：我们需要许多食物。Lots of food is needed by us.
A part of the students have arrived.部分学生已到了。
A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。
21．以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致
There is a book and three pens on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.
由here, there等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：
Here comes the bus.
Here is a pen and two books for you.
在表存在的there be句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。
There is a pen, two pencils and several
books on the desk.=There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk.
=There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.
22.一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主语时，若前面有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的量词，则谓语动词用单数，不带量词时，则谓语动词用复数形式。
这条裤子是他哥哥的。This pair of trousers is his brother’s.
23. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式someone是单数还是复数，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.
The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
三．肯定与否定一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。
We’ve had some(money).→ We haven’t had any(money).
I was talking to someone.→ I wasn’t talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.
He has arrived already. → He hasn’t arrived yet.
Li is coming too.→ Li isn’t coming either.
Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them.→ He doesn’t like either of them.
注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。
My wife like classic music very much and so do I.
She doesn’t like jazz and neither do I.
1.either,neither单独出现用单数。2. every,each ,no双双出现，名词单数，即单数。3. school,class,family指人用复数，整体用单数。4.有相同两半的名词独自用复数，与a pair of连用指单数。5.主语后的介词丢一边，时间、距离、金钱再多也是单数。6.动名词动词不定式用单数，定语从句先行词是决策。7.几分之几见主语，几分之几作主语时，动词由其后面的名词或代词决定。但one and a half跟单数。别忘倒装向后看。主谓倒装句，动词应与其后的主语一致。
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